Rabu, 17 Oktober 2012

Speech English


STUDY                       : ENGLISH
FORMAT                   : SPEECH
NAME                         : ANDES BASAULI SIMBOLON
NIM                            :  1110701030
CLASS                       : TINGKAT 2
LEVEL                       : SEMESTER 3
UNIVERSITY           : UPN ‘VETERAN’ JAKARTA

SPINAL CORD INJURY

Good mornig , topic of my speech is spinal cord injury :
Spinal cord injury is the injury of the cervical, and lumbar vertebral trauma; falls from height, road traffic accidents, sports accidents, etc. can cause a fracture or a shift of one or more vertebrae, resulting in neurological deficits
Clinical picture depends on the location and magnitude of the damage. damage meningitis; latitude gives a loss of motor or sensory function of the damage with caudal spinal shock. Spinal shock occurs in the spinal cord damage due to sudden loss of stimuli that come from the center.
Flasid sign is paralysis, anesthesia, reflection, fersfirasi loss, impaired function of the rectum and bladder, triafismus, bradycardia and hypotension. recovering after spinal shock, there will be seen also on the mark hiperrefleksi impaired autonomic function, such as dry skin because sweating and orthostatic hypotension and bladder dysfunction and defecation disorders.
Symptoms vary depending on the site of trauma; injury to the spinal cord causing weakness and paralysis below the injury point. Accompanying symptoms include loss of ability to control bladder or bowel movements. The causes vary widely at all, and can include sports injuries, car accident or physical violence.

Diagnostic examination
1. Spinal x-rays: the location and type of injury (fracture or dislocation)
2. CT scan: to determine the wound / injury
3. MRI: to identify the spinal nerve damage
4. Thoracic rongent Photo: knowing the lung
5. AGD: demonstrate the effectiveness of gas exchange and ventilation efforts.

Nursing Diagnoses
Acute pain associated with nerve tissue trauma
a) Purpose:
After nursing actions for 2 X 24 hours the client is able to control the pain
b) expected outcomes:
1) Reporting lost or uncontrolled pain
2) Following the course of treatment provided
3) Demonstrate the use of relaxation techniques
c) Intervention:
1) Assess the type of pain or injury. Notice the intensity on a scale of 0-10. Consider the response to the drug.
Rationale: Strengthens indication of discomfort, complications and evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions.
2) motivation to use stress management techniques, eg deep breathing and visualization.
Rationale: Increase relaxation, refocusing attention, and can improve coping skills, pain relief.
3) Collaboration of analgesic drugs
Rational: may be required for the removal of pain / discomfort.

that's all my speech, thx for attention. :)